A governor-general is not appointed for a specific term, but is generally expected to serve for five years subject to a possible short extension. There are no No. Please read ourPrivacy Statement, The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, The Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General, E-mail the Governor-General or Government House, Her Excellency Mrs Linda Hurley's biography, Receiving a congratulatory message from the Governor-General, The Governor-General's Official residences. The Governor-General wearing a shirt and tie sits at a desk with a pen in hand. A biography for the Governor-General can be found on the Governor-General's website. Appointment The Governor-General is appointed by the Crown, in practice on the advice of Australian Ministers of the Crown. By convention, the governor-general and any family occupy an official residence in Canberra, Government House (commonly referred to as Yarralumla). Scullin was equally insistent that the monarch must act on the relevant prime minister's direct advice (the practice until 1926 was that Dominion prime ministers advised the monarch indirectly, through the British government, which effectively had a veto over any proposal it did not agree with). [59], The early governors-general frequently sought advice on the exercise of their powers from judges of the High Court of Australia, Sir Samuel Griffith and Sir Edmund Barton. Australia is a constitutional monarchy, which means that the King is our head of state. He further proposed that the Dominions be able to nominate their own candidates and that "the field of selection should not exclude citizens of the Dominion itself". Only one governor-general, Dame Quentin Bryce (20082014), has been a woman. When the late Queen Elizabeth II was in Australia, the Queen's Personal Australian Flag was flown on the car in which she was travelling. Sir William McKell was Premier of New South Wales. On the day parliament opens, the governor-general makes a speech, entirely written by the government, explaining the government's proposed legislative program. Dame Quentin Bryce was the first governor-general to have had no prior title or pre-nominal style. The Australia Day 2023 Honours List recognises and celebrates 1,047 recipients, including 736 in the General Division of the Order of Australia and awards for meritorious, distinguished and conspicuous service. Such assent has usually been given during a scheduled visit to Australia by Queen Elizabeth II. The position came into being with the adoption of the new national constitution on 1 January 1901, and has been held by 27 people since then. The position came into being with the adoption of the new national constitution on 1 January 1901, and has been held by 27 people since then. The convention gradually became established throughout the Commonwealth that the Governor-General is a citizen of the country concerned, and is appointed on the advice of the government of that country. After the initial confusion of the Hopetoun Blunder, he appointed the first prime minister of Australia, Edmund Barton, to a caretaker government, with the inaugural 1901 federal election not occurring until March. In recent decades the typical term of office has been five years. The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in Australia. The governor-general is generally invited to become patron of various charitable and service organisations. Kerr determined that he had both the right and the duty to dismiss the government and commission a new government that would recommend a dissolution of the Parliament. This was not because of any lack of regard for Isaacs personally, but because the British government considered that the choice of Governors-General was, since the 1926 Imperial Conference, a matter for the monarch's decision alone. Later, the Governor-General and Mrs Hurley received Mr Gary Meyers, Ambassador, St Vincent's Hospital, on the completion of Mr Meyer's walk from Sydney to Canberra. The PEO acknowledges the traditional owners of country throughout Australia and their continuing The Governor-General is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. His Excellency General the Honourable David Hurley AC DSC (Retd)Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. The same individuals were also usually either peers, knights, or both (the only Australian peer to be appointed as governor-general was the Lord Casey; and Sir William McKell was knighted only in 1951, some years into his term, but he was entitled to the style "The Honourable" during his tenure as premier of New South Wales, an office he held until almost immediately before his appointment). Governor-General. Ms Adamson, 60, was also Australia's ambassador to China from 2011 . [5], The constitution does not set a term of office, so a governor-general may continue to hold office for any agreed length of time. Hopetoun left for England on 17 July 1902. Despite these precedents, George V remained reluctant to accept Scullin's recommendation of Isaacs and asked him to consider Field Marshal Sir William Birdwood. Early governors-general were British and were appointed by the queen or king on the recommendation of the Colonial Office. He later stepped down over the church's handling of allegations of sexual abuse of boys, for which he apologised before the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse in 2016. She was the first woman to be the Governor-General. Governor-General of Australia The official Instagram account of His Excellency General the Honourable David Hurley AC DSC (Retd) www.gg.gov.au. Congratulations to the outstanding Australians recognised in todays Honours List. The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO) educates Australians about, and inspires their enthusiasm for, Australias parliamentary democracy. [40] No formal declarations of war have been made since World War II, although in 1973 the Whitlam Government advised the governor-general to proclaim the end of Australia's involvement in Vietnam, despite the lack of an initiating proclamation. Governor-General Quentin Bryce signs Julia Gillard's commission as prime minister of Australia at Government House, Canberra, 24 June 2010. Answer (1 of 7): Firstly anyone with that ambition will be unsuitable for the job and will miss out. This, among other things, led to the Statute of Westminster 1931 and to the formal separation of the Crowns of the Dominions. Governors-general were expected to exercise a supervisory role over the Australian Government in the manner of a colonial governor. This fact sheet introduces the constitutional, ceremonial and civic roles of the Governor-General, and the history of the position. "It will also provide an opportunity to look forwards and demonstrate the many ways the UK is working in partnership with France and Germany. The governor-general is officially appointed by the monarch of Britain but is recommended by the prime minister of Australia. The governor-general of Australia is the head of the executive branch of the federal government, serving as the representative of the Australian monarch (currently Charles III ). [10] Since then, all but one of the governors-general have been Australian-born; the exception, Sir Ninian Stephen, arrived in Australia as a teenager. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Everything you need to know about the role, function, structure and people of the Australian Parliament. Each recipient has something in common someone nominated them. The governor-general has a ceremonial role in swearing in and accepting the resignations of members of Parliament. Mr Albanese told reporters on Saturday how he has accepted an invitation to attend the crowning of the monarch in the United Kingdom alongside Mr Hurley. The governor-general travels in a Rolls-Royce Phantom VI limousine for ceremonial occasions, such as the State Opening of Parliament. The recipients have had a significant impact at the local, national and international level and are, quite simply, inspiring," the Governor-General said. log in. The Governor-General of Australia is His Majesty The King's representative . [33] The Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration 2020 was declared by Governor-General David Hurley under Section 475 of the Act. In the face of this provision, I feel it is difficult to contend that the Queen, even though present in Australia, may exercise in person functions of executive government which are specifically assigned by the constitution to the Governor-General. B. M. Hertzog, who had recently insisted on his choice of the Earl of Clarendon as governor-general of that country, and the selection of an Irishman as governor-general of the Irish Free State. acting as Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. 11 November 2020 marks the 45th anniversary of the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor Government in 1975. 87 following. [43] For instance, in 1970 Governor-General Paul Hasluck refused Prime Minister John Gorton's request to authorise a Pacific Islands Regiment peacekeeping mission in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, on the grounds that cabinet had not been consulted. The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, The Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General. The monarch, acting upon advice of the British Government, could also disallow any Australian legislation up to a year after the governor-general had given it the assent;[58] although this power has never been used. Both the prime minister, John Howard, and Clarence House repudiated the suggestion.[67][68]. opening and attending national and international meetings and conferences, attending exhibitions and sporting events, attending functions as an official patron of organisations, visiting regions or areas to meet people involved in a particular group or industry. [37], Under section 68 of the constitution, "the command in chief of the naval and military forces of the Commonwealth is vested in the GovernorGeneral". He was appointed in July 1900, returning to Australia shortly before the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. In 2007, media outlets reported that Prince William might become governor-general of Australia. The letters released on Tuesday revealed that Kerr, who as Governor-General was the Queen's official representative in Australia, held extensive discussions with the palace over what powers he held. Follow. [64] (Lord Stamfordham had complained that Scullin had "put a gun to the King's head".). A vacancy occurs on the resignation, death, or incapacity of the governor-general. [32], In addition to the formal constitutional role, the governor-general has a representative and ceremonial role, though the extent and nature of that role has depended on the expectations of the time, the individual in office at the time, the wishes of the incumbent government, and the individual's reputation in the wider community. General the Honourable Sir Peter Cosgrove AK CVO MC (Retd) Sydney NSW. The Governor-General is not part of the government or the opposition and must remain neutral. The salary of the governor-general was initially set by the constitution, which fixed an annual amount of A10,000 until the parliament decided otherwise. As a result of decisions made at the 1926 Imperial Conference, the governor-general ceased to represent the British Government diplomatically, and the British right of supervision over Australian affairs was abolished. Permission should be sought from Government House for third-party or commercial uses of this image. The couple will then travel to Berlin, Brandenburg and Hamburg in Germany, where the trip wraps up on March 31. That position, though now generally well recognised, undoubtedly represents a development from an earlier stage when the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of His Majesty's Ministers in London and acted also as their representative. The official cars of the governor-general fly the Flag of the Governor-General of Australia and display St. Edward's Crown instead of number plates. Dunrossil Drive Videos are posted by the Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General. Occasionally governors-general have made extended tours visiting multiple countries, notably in 2009 when Quentin Bryce visited nine African countries in 19 days. The first four governors-general were peers; Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson (appointed 1914) was the first commoner to hold the position, although he was also later elevated to the peerage. The Australian Constitution And The Use Of Convention Essay. Representative of the monarch of Australia, Sir Isaac Isaacs, the first Australian-born governor-general, 19311936, Dame Quentin Bryce, the first female governor-general, 20082014. They go above and beyond, are from all over the country, and contribute every day in every way imaginable. The monarch was consulted on the decision into the 1930s. We pay our respects to elders past and present. It is also, in the same section, declared to be "exercisable" by the Governor-General as the Queen's representative. These fall roughly into three categories: constitutional and statutory duties, formal ceremonial duties, and non-ceremonial social duties. visiting places hit by national disaster, such as floods or fire. [35] All subsequent governors-general have travelled widely while in office and made multiple state visits. Australia has had 26 Governors-General. Orsend your written letter of invitation to: To contact Australian Honours and Awards Secretariat, please use ouremail formand selectHonours and Awards. Mr Albanese added he was looking forward to welcoming King Charles to Australia to mark his first trip Down Under as monarch. ", The Governor-General in his swearing-in speech. In the evening, the Governor-General and Mrs Hurley, as joint Patrons, hosted a reception for the Childrens Medical Research Institute Canberra. Section 4 of the constitution allows the Monarch to appoint an administrator to carry out the role of governor-general when there is a vacancy. [44] The incident contributed to Fraser's resignation from cabinet in 1971 and Gorton's subsequent loss of the prime ministership.[45]. The constitutional crisis of 1975 raised the possibility of the prime minister and the governor-general attempting to dismiss each other at the same time. They had the right to "reserve" legislation passed by the Parliament of Australia: in effect, to ask the Colonial Office in London for an opinion before giving the royal assent. In 1976, the letters patent for the order were amended to introduce the rank of Knight and Dame to the order, and from that time the governor-general became, ex officio, the Chancellor and Principal Knight of the order. The constitution also provides that the salary of the governor-general cannot be "altered" during his or her term of office. [39] In 1941 and 1942, the Curtin Government advised the governor-general to declare war on several Axis powers, but then had King George VI make identical proclamations on Australia's behalf. The first female Governor-General was the Honourable . The Governor-General acts on the advice of Ministers who are responsible to Parliament (and ultimately, through elections, the Australian people). [27], The monarch chose not to intervene during the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, in which Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismissed the Labor government of Gough Whitlam, on the basis that such a decision is a matter "clearly placed within the jurisdiction of the Governor-General". [61] The memorandum met with strong opposition within the Colonial Office and was dismissed by Lord Milner, the Colonial Secretary; no response was given. Stonehaven left for England on 2 October 1930. Write to the Governor-General or Government House at: Government House The salutation for a letter should be "Your Excellency" or "Dear Mrs Hurley ". Register, Join the conversation, you are commenting as Logout, Join the conversation, you are commenting as. At one time, governors-general wore the traditional court uniform, consisting of a dark navy wool double-breasted coatee with silver oak leaf and fern embroidery on the collar and cuffs trimmed with silver buttons embossed with the Royal Arms and with bullion edged epaulettes on the shoulders, dark navy trousers with a wide band of silver oak-leaf braid down the outside seam, silver sword belt with ceremonial sword, bicorne cocked hat with plume of ostrich feathers, black patent leather Wellington boots with spurs, etc., that is worn on ceremonial occasions. Two other men sit on the other side of the desk. It is encouraging to see an increase in diversity in the Order of Australia. On other occasions royal assent has been given elsewhere. These means the Governor-General is a part of both the Parliament and the executive government, and carries out tasks on behalf of the King. Afterwards, the Governor-General hosted a breakfast for The Honourable Patrick Gorman MP, Assistant Minister to the Prime Minister. Together with the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Governor-General is a part of the Australian Parliament. Tel: (02) 6283 3604 The Governor-General is the Chancellor of the Order of Australia and each year approves awards to recognise the service and contribution of outstanding Australians through the Australian Honours and AwardsSystem. A temporary vacancy also occurred in 2003 when Peter Hollingworth stood aside. View with description and copyright information. In practice, early Governors-General were appointed by the United Kingdom's Colonial Secretary. General David Hurley was a retired Chief of Defence Force and former Governor of New South Wales. To mollify Hughes, Milner offered him a choice between three candidates. It is played at all official and ceremonial . The governor-general also has a ceremonial role: hosting events at either of the two official residencesGovernment House in the capital, Canberra, and Admiralty House in Sydneyand travelling throughout Australia to open conferences, attend services and commemorations, and generally provide encouragement to individuals and groups who are contributing to their communities. I've spent the morning watching Hurley wander between tables of war widows (average age 81, according to the governor general), microphone in hand, leading them in song over cucumber and smoked . The Governor-General of Australiais addressed as His/Her Excellencydenoting his/her rank the vice-royal representative of the monarchto a Commonwealth nation. Australian Honours and Awards | Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia Australian Honours and Awards View the Australia Day 2023 Honours List Overview The Australian Honours and Awards system recognises the outstanding service and contributions of Australians. In practice, they are Australias Head of State and have a range of constitutional and ceremonial duties. attending the opening of a new Parliament and making a speech about what the new government intends to do, administering the oath of office to the Prime Minister, ministers, judges and other officials, meeting foreign heads of state and ambassadors. Sections 58 to 60 allow the governor-general to withhold assent, suggest changes, refer to the Monarch or proclaim that the Monarch has annulled the legislation. Permission should be sought from Office of the Governor-General for third-party or commercial uses of this image. . The executive power of the Commonwealth, by section 61 of the Constitution, is declared to be vested in the Queen. Powers exercised in council, which are not reserve powers, include: All such actions are taken on the advice of ministers. The Governor-General has an important role in the governing of Australia. Theyre almost always humble to a fault but I urge recipients, for today, to put aside that humility - its important they know how much they are valued.. The Governor-General is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. Until 2015, the honour continued after the retirement from office of the governor-general. The Order belongs to each of us and we each have a part to play. Following the proclamation of the King in London, proclamations have been read across Australia, including outside New South Wales' Parliament House.A crowd . Sir William Deane (governor-general 19962001) described one of his functions as being "Chief Mourner" at prominent funerals. In 1920, Billy Hughes became the first prime minister to be consulted over the governor-generalship. Dame Quentin Bryce (20082014) was the first woman to be appointed to the office. Welcome to the page of the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. These provisions make it clear that the Monarch's role in the parliament is in name only and the actual responsibility belongs to the governor-general. In 1945, John Curtin nominated Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, to the post the first and only royal officeholder. The following year, as Ronald Munro Ferguson's term was about to expire, Hughes cabled the Colonial Office and asked that the appointment be made in accordance with the memorandum. James Scullin (1930) became the first prime minister of Australia to exercise complete discretion in the appointment; his nomination of Sir Isaac Isaacs made Australia the first Dominion to have a native-born governor-general. awarding special honours, in their role as the Chancellor of the Order of Australia. Don't have an account? [65] The opposition Nationalist Party of Australia denounced the appointment as "practically republican", but Scullin had set a precedent. Through her private secretary, she wrote that she "has no part in the decisions which the Governor-General must take in accordance with the Constitution". Sir John Kerr resigned in 1977, with his official reason being his decision to accept the position of Australian Ambassador to UNESCO in Paris, a post which ultimately he did not take up, but the resignation also being motivated by the 1975 constitutional controversy. Governors-General Since 1901 There have been twenty-seven Governors-General of the Commonwealth of Australia since 1901. This was confirmed by the prime minister while talking to reporters on . Please note that all correspondence isprocessed by the Office before coming to the attention of the Governor-General. [51] However, for official business, the current choice of car is an armoured BMW 7 Series.[52]. Get to know the people and work of the Parliamentary Education Office, contact us and discover how to use our website. From the creation of the Order of Australia in 1975, the governor-general was, ex officio, Chancellor and Principal Companion of the order, and therefore became entitled to the post-nominal AC. "Whether that be to tackle climate change; respond to the conflict in Ukraine; seize trade and investment opportunities or share the best of our arts and culture. The usual wording of official announcements of this nature read "The King has been pleased to appoint ", but on this occasion the announcement said merely "The King has appointed ", and his private secretary (Lord Stamfordham) asked the Australian solicitor-general, Sir Robert Garran, to make sure that Scullin was aware of the exact wording. The Governor-General is officially appointed by the Queen as Head of State. Before this she was the Governor of Queensland and she used to be a lawyer. The Governor-General is leader of the Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Forces . For the first two decades after federation, governors-general were selected solely by the British government. Sir Isaac Issacs had the esteemed honour of becoming the first Australian-born governor-general in 1931. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Lord Dudley was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (19021905). On 29 November, the King agreed to Isaacs's appointment, but made it clear that he did so only because he felt he had no option. The public role adopted by Sir John Kerr was curtailed considerably after the constitutional crisis of 1975; Sir William Deane's public statements on political issues produced some hostility towards him; and some charities disassociated themselves from Peter Hollingworth after the issue of his management of sex abuse cases during his time as Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane became a matter of controversy. Write to the Governor-General or Government House at: Government House Dunrossil Drive YARRALUMLA ACT 2600 Tel: (02) 6283 3533 E-mail the Governor-General or Government House Mr Albanese previously met with King Charles in September last year while he was in London for the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II. They do this to celebrate the best of Australia and recognise the everyday Australians who, without fuss or fanfare, contribute to the lives of others and make Australia such a compassionate, harmonious and peaceful place. On 16 December 2018, prime minister Scott Morrison announced that the next governor-general would be General David Hurley, then-governor of New South Wales. [26] This view was also held by Senior Judge of the Supreme Court of Tasmania Andrew Inglis Clark, who, with W. Harrison Moore (a contributor to the first draft of the constitution put before the 1897 Adelaide Convention and professor of law at the University of Melbourne), postulated that the letters patent and the royal instructions issued by Queen Victoria were unnecessary "or even of doubtful legality". After consulting his cabinet he chose Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster. This right not only to advise the monarch directly, but also to expect that advice to be accepted, was soon taken up by all the other Dominion prime ministers. Macquarie joined the British army as a boy and served in North America . Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson had been offered the governorship of South Australia in 1895 and of Victoria in 1910, but refused both appointments. A list of all former Governors-General. I've been invited to his coronation, on the first Saturday in May, I will attend along with the Governor-General, with other guests as well who have been invited by the Palace," he said. The first female governor-general, Quentin Bryce, took office in 2008. Individual items of correspondence of this type will not be brought to the attention of the Governor-General and senders should not expect a reply. In 1975, Labor Prime Minister Gough Whitlam advised the Queen that Sir Colin Hannah, then Governor of Queensland, should have his dormant commission revoked for having made public and partisan anti-Whitlam Government political statements, in violation of the convention that state governors and federal governors-general remain neutral and above politics. The office of "governor-general" was previously used in Australia in the mid-19th century. The recipients have had a significant impact at the local, national and international level and are, quite simply, inspiring, the Governor-General said. 1,093 talking about this. On 8 May 1953 Slim was sworn in as governor-general of Australia. [38] There is some ambiguity with regard to the role of the governor-general in declarations of war. Governor-general's role. The Governor-General's duties as Commander-in-Chief include: "In my closing speeches as Governor, I highlighted the richness of our society, not the material richness, but a richness of spirit. She was in office when, on 19 March 2014, Elizabeth II, acting on the advice of Prime Minister Tony Abbott, amended the letters patent of the Order of Australia to provide, inter alia, that the governor-general would be, ex officio, Principal Knight or Principal Dame of the order. Governor-General of Australia. Section 61 of the Constitution goes on to say that executive power is given to the King and is exercised by the Governor-General. In an address to the Sydney Institute, January 2007, in connection with that event, Sir David Smith, a retired official secretary to the governor-general of Australia who had been Kerr's official secretary in 1975, described the constitution as conferring the powers and functions of Australia's head of state on the governor-general in "his own right". [5] The monarch then permits the recommendation to be publicly announced, usually several months before the end of the existing governor-general's term. 1414 Words; 6 Pages; The Australian Constitution And The Use Of Convention Essay. In the constitution, the words "Governor-General-in-council" mean the governor-general acting with the advice of the Council. Three governors-general have resigned their commission. Quentin Bryce's salary was $394,000. John Robert Kerr (1914-1991), lawyer, judge, and governor-general, was born on 24 September 1914 at Balmain, Sydney, eldest of eight children of New South Wales-born parents Harry Kerr, boilermaker, and his wife Laura May, ne Cardwell. [49] The current salary is $425,000 and there is a generous pension. [28] In Commentaries on the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, Garran noted that, since the Australian executive is national in nature (being dependent on the nationally elected House of Representatives, rather than the Senate), "the Governor-General, as the official head of the Executive, does not in the smallest degree represent any federal element; if he represents anything he is the image and embodiment of national unity and the outward and visible representation of the Imperial relationship of the Commonwealth".[34]. The chief scout is nominated by the Scouting Association's National Executive Committee and is invited by the president of the Scout Association to accept the appointment. Then, the Governor-General, as Chancellor of the Order of Australia and Her Excellency Mrs Linda Hurley, invested Air Marshal Kevin Short AO, Chief of the New Zealand Defence Force. The Governor-General of Australia is the representative in Australia of Australia's head of state, Charles III. Section 1 of the Australian Constitution says that the Parliament is made up of the King, the Senate and the House of Representatives.
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